Soybean farmers, apple growers and auto workers are among the US workers bracing for fallout from a trade war between the United States and China.
The US on Friday slapped tariffs on $34 billion worth of Chinese imports to combat what is says are the country’s unfair trade practices. Beijing called it the beginning of “the biggest trade war in economic history” and retaliated with tariffs on billions of dollars worth of US exports. Another $16 billion worth of tariffs on Chinese imports are set to hit in the next two weeks.
Many products have suddenly become more expensive. The additional taxes will ripple through supply chains, forcing companies in both countries to decide whether to take a financial hit themselves or pass it along to consumers. If demand drops, jobs will be in jeopardy.
The US industries facing tariffs include cotton, dairy, auto and soybeans — the United States’ top agricultural export to China in 2017. Many of those industries have their roots in the Midwest and southern United States, areas that helped propel President Donald Trump to victory in 2016 on the promise of putting America first.
John Heisdorffer, a soybean grower from Iowa and president of the American Soybean Association, said the group had appealed to the Trump administration to find other solutions to addressing trade issues with China.
“Soybeans are the top agriculture export for the United States, and China is the top market for purchasing those exports,” Heisdorffer said in a statement. “The math is simple. You tax soybean exports at 25-percent, and you have serious damage to U.S. farmers.”
The group’s lobbying efforts have included a social media campaign in which “individual soybean farmers who will be directly affected by the trade conflict attached their photographs to statements appealing directly to the President and his advisors,” the group said.
There are 18 states that grow about 96% of the US’s soybeans, according to government statistics. All but two of them, Illinois and Minnesota, went for Trump over Hillary Clinton in 2016.
Trump maintains the tariffs will pressure China to address trade complaints from the US, including intellectual property theft.
Retaliatory measures by China also include taxes on imports of a variety of US dairy products. It comes at a time when the US dairy industry was already bracing for new tariffs on cheese exported to Mexico. The cheese tariffs were put in place in response to an earlier tariff move by the Trump administration.
Jaime Castaneda, senior vice president of the US Dairy Export Council, said the retaliatory tariffs have been a “one-two punch” that have left the industry “reeling.”
“You have to put all of this into context,” Castaneda said in an email. “Producers have had 3 years of low prices and this fall was looking promising. We were going to get back to profitable margins for the first time in years. All that is gone now.”
American apple growers are also concerned about the new export tariffs. Tracy Grondine, a spokesperson for the US Apple Association, said China is a market that has “significant growth potential” for US-based apple farmers.
The industry only gained access to the Chinese market — the largest consumer market in the world — about three years ago. And the nation has already become the US apple industry’s sixth-largest export market, according to Grondine.
“If momentum is lost it will be difficult to regain. What we will likely see happen in the short-term is apples that were destined for export markets will instead overhang the U.S. market,” she said. That means US apple prices could take a serious dive, costing growers money.
“This will impact growers coast to coast,” Grondine said.
Non-frozen orange juice will also be hit with export tariffs. A spokesperson for the Juice Products Association said they will have a “detrimental” impact on “the U.S. juice industry and hurt consumers who enjoy quality American juice products.”
Daimler (DDAIF), the carmaker behind Mercedes-Benz, already warned last month that its profits will fall this year. The company blamed it on the trade dispute between the US and China, saying the tariffs will result in “fewer than expected SUV sales and higher than expected costs.” Daimler said those costs won’t be completely passed on to customers.
A spokesperson for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers said in an email Friday that some US carmakers may not feel a major impact right off the bat.
Most companies likely have a 30-day supply of products they import from China on hand, the spokesperson said. And most US cars sold in China are made at plants located in China, so they’re immune to tariffs.
But, the longer the trade war goes on, the more severe the impact could become, the spokesperson said.
Other US industries that were hit with export taxes include meats, fruit and vegetable growers, dairy farmers, tabacco, pet products, and seafood. The import tariffs will affect parts for airplanes and other vehicles that are made in China, as well as certain industrial machinery and medical devices.
These tariffs and China’s retaliation comes amid push back from other nations, including China and Mexico, in response to the Trump administration’s import tariffs on steel and aluminum.
